Specialist Doctor Reference

          This surgical specialty that focuses on abdominal organs from the intestines to the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, bile ducts and thyroid. Though surgeons may sub-specialise in one or more of these areas using various methods such as laparoscopic surgery, they are still considered to be part of the general surgical team.

          These specialist surgeons are experts in treating ailments and diseases in the major body systems including cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, excretory, skin, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory and skeletal functions.

          该外科专科专注于从肠道到食道、胃、小肠、结肠、肝脏、胰腺、胆囊、胆管和甲状腺的腹部器官。尽管外科医生可能会使用各种方法（例如腹腔镜手术）在这些领域中的一个或多个领域进行细分，但他们仍然被认为是普通外科团队的一部分。

          这些专科外科医生是治疗主要身体系统疾病的专家，包括心血管、消化、内分泌、排泄、皮肤、肌肉、神经、生殖、呼吸和骨骼功能